In May 2004 ten new states became members of the European Union, greatly increasing the diversity of historic experiences and contemporary conceptions of national identity within the EU. The authors describe the citizenship laws in each of the ten new countries, as well as Turkey, and analyze their implementation and historical background, demonstrating how citizenship policies have been shaped by large scale emigration, shifting borders, and conflicts over ethnic minorities, and diagnosing tensions between contemporary immigration and European integration. Citizenship Policies of the New Europe will be a timely companion to the two-volume Acquisition and Loss of Nationality, which covers the fifteen older member states.